Long time ago in West Java, lived a beautiful girl named Dayang Sumbi. She was also smart and clever. Her beauty and intelligence made a prince from the heavenly kingdom of Kahyangan desire her as his wife. The prince asked permission from his father to marry Dayang Sumbi. People from Kahyangan could never live side by side with humans, but his father approved on one condition, when they had a child, the prince would transform into a dog. The prince accepted the condition.
They get married and lived happily in the woods until Dayang Sumbi gave birth to a baby boy. The prince then changed into a dog named Tumang. Their son is named Sangkuriang. He was very smart and handsome like his father. Everyday, he hunted animals and looked for fruits to eat. One day, when he was hunting, Sangkuriang accidentally killed Tumang. His arrow missed the deer he was targeting and hit Tumang instead. He went home and tells her mother about the dog. “What?” Dayang Sumbi was appalled. Driven by sadness and anger, she grabbed a weaving tool and hit Sangkuriang’s head with it. Dayang Sumbi was so sad; she didn’t pay any attention to Sangkuriang and started to cry.
Sangkuriang feel sad and also confused. How can his mother love a dog more than him? Sangkuriang then decided to go away from their home and went on a journey. In the morning, Dayang Sumbi finally stopped crying. She started to feel better, so she went to find Sangkuriang. But her son was no where to be found. She looked everywhere but still couldn’t find him. Finally, she went home with nothing. She was exhausted. She fell asleep, and in her dream, she meets her husband. “Dayang Sumbi, don’t be sad. Go look for my body in the woods and get the heart. Soak it with water, and use the water to bathe, and you will look young forever,” said the prince in her dream. After bathing with the water used to soak the dog’s heart, Dayang Sumbi looked more beautiful and even younger.
And time passed by. Sangkuriang on his journey stopped at a village and met and fell in love with a beautiful girl.He didn’t realize that the village was his homeland and the beautiful girl was his own mother, Dayang Sumbi. Their love grew naturally and he asked the girl to marry him. One day, Sangkuriang was going on a hunt. He asked Dayang Sumbi to fix the turban on his head. Dayang Sumbi was startled when she saw a scar on his head at the same place where she, years ago, hit Sangkuriang on the head.
After the young man left, Dayang Sumbi prayed for guidance. After praying, she became convinced that the young man was indeed her missing son. She realized that she had to do something to prevent Sangkuriang from marrying her. But she did not wish to disappoint him by cancelling the wedding. So, although she agreed to marry Sangkuriang, she would do so only on the condition that he provides her with a lake and built a beautiful boat, all in one night.
Sangkuriang accepted this condition without a doubt. He had spent his youth studying magical arts. After the sun went down, Sangkuriang went to the hill. Then he called a group of genie to build a dam around Citarum River. Then, he commands the genies to cut down trees and build a boat. A few moments before dawn, Sangkuriang and his genie servants almost finished the boat.
Dayang Sumbi, who had been spying on him, realised that Sangkuriang would fulfill the condition she had set. Dayang Sumbi immediately woke all the women in the village and asked them to wave a long red scarf. All the women in the village were waving red scarf, making it look as if dawn was breaking. Deceived by false dawn, the cock crowed and farmers rose for the new day.
Sangkuriang’s genie servants immediately dropped their work and ran for cover from the sun, which they feared. Sangkuriang grew furious. With all his anger, he kicked the unfinished boat. The boat flew and landed on a valley. The boat then became a mountain, called Mount Tangkuban Perahu (Tangkuban means upturned or upside down, and Perahu means boat). With his power, he destroyed the dam. The water drained from the lake becoming a wide plain and nowadays became a city called Bandung (from the word Bendung, which means Dam).
Jumat, 15 April 2011
Kamis, 14 April 2011
Latihan Soal
Latihan 1
1.A : Do You know my brother?
B : No, I don’t (I don’t know your brother)
2.A : Is Jane eats lunch at cafeteria every day?
B : Yes, She is (Jane eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.)
3.A : Does That pen belong to you?
B : No, it doesn’t ( That pen doesn’t belong to me.)
4.A : Did The students in that class spea English well?
B : Yes, They did (The students in this class speak English well.)
5.A : Did You sleep well last night?
B : Yes, I did (I slept well last night.)
6.A : Did Ann and Jim come to class yesterday?
B : No, They didn’t (Ann and Jim didn’t come to class yesterday.)
7.A : Are you studying your grammar book?
B : Yes, I am (I’m studying my grammar book.)
8.A : Are The children watching TV?
B : No, They aren’t (The children aren’t watching TV.)
9.A : Is Tim Wilson in your astronomy class?
B : Yes, He is (Tim Wilson is in my astronomy class.)
10.A : Was it foggy yesterday?
B : No, It wasn’t (It wasn’t foggy yesterday.)
11.A : Will you be at home tonight?
B : No, I won’t ( I won’t be at home tonight.)
12.A : Is Jason going to be at work tomorrow?
B : No, He isn’t (Jason isn’t going to be at work tomorrow.)
Latihan 5
1.A : Where / What time did you get up this morning?
B : At 7:30. (I got up at 7:30 this morning.)
2.A : Where did you eat lunch today?
B : At the cafetaria. (I ate lunch at tge cafeteria today.)
3.A : When / What time you eat lunch?
B : At 12:15. (I ate lunch at 12:15.)
4.A : Why are you eat lunch at the cafeteria?
B : Because the food is good. (I eat lunch at the cafeteria because the food is good.)
5.A : Where did your Aunt and Uncle live?
B : In Chicago. (My aunt and uncle live n Chicago.)
6.A : When are you going to visit your aunt and uncle?
B : Next week. (I’m going to visit my aunt and uncle next week.)
7.A : What time will you get home tonight ?
B : Around six. (I’ll get home around six tonight.)
8.A : Where will george going to study tonight?
B : At the library. (George is going to study at the library tonight.)
9.A : Why George studies at the library ?
B : Because it’s quiet. (George studies at the library because it’s quiet.)
10.A : Where can catch a bus ?
B : At that corner. (You can catch a bus at that corner.)
11.A : When / What time you have to leave ?
B : Ten O’clock. (I have to leave at ten o’clock.)
12.A : Where was you live in 1988 ?
B : In Japan. (I was living in Japan in 1988.)
Nama Kelompok :
1. Ellyana Utami 19210379
2. Elza Jelita 12210357
3. Citra Restu Anggari 11210618
Kelas :
1EA05
1.A : Do You know my brother?
B : No, I don’t (I don’t know your brother)
2.A : Is Jane eats lunch at cafeteria every day?
B : Yes, She is (Jane eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.)
3.A : Does That pen belong to you?
B : No, it doesn’t ( That pen doesn’t belong to me.)
4.A : Did The students in that class spea English well?
B : Yes, They did (The students in this class speak English well.)
5.A : Did You sleep well last night?
B : Yes, I did (I slept well last night.)
6.A : Did Ann and Jim come to class yesterday?
B : No, They didn’t (Ann and Jim didn’t come to class yesterday.)
7.A : Are you studying your grammar book?
B : Yes, I am (I’m studying my grammar book.)
8.A : Are The children watching TV?
B : No, They aren’t (The children aren’t watching TV.)
9.A : Is Tim Wilson in your astronomy class?
B : Yes, He is (Tim Wilson is in my astronomy class.)
10.A : Was it foggy yesterday?
B : No, It wasn’t (It wasn’t foggy yesterday.)
11.A : Will you be at home tonight?
B : No, I won’t ( I won’t be at home tonight.)
12.A : Is Jason going to be at work tomorrow?
B : No, He isn’t (Jason isn’t going to be at work tomorrow.)
Latihan 5
1.A : Where / What time did you get up this morning?
B : At 7:30. (I got up at 7:30 this morning.)
2.A : Where did you eat lunch today?
B : At the cafetaria. (I ate lunch at tge cafeteria today.)
3.A : When / What time you eat lunch?
B : At 12:15. (I ate lunch at 12:15.)
4.A : Why are you eat lunch at the cafeteria?
B : Because the food is good. (I eat lunch at the cafeteria because the food is good.)
5.A : Where did your Aunt and Uncle live?
B : In Chicago. (My aunt and uncle live n Chicago.)
6.A : When are you going to visit your aunt and uncle?
B : Next week. (I’m going to visit my aunt and uncle next week.)
7.A : What time will you get home tonight ?
B : Around six. (I’ll get home around six tonight.)
8.A : Where will george going to study tonight?
B : At the library. (George is going to study at the library tonight.)
9.A : Why George studies at the library ?
B : Because it’s quiet. (George studies at the library because it’s quiet.)
10.A : Where can catch a bus ?
B : At that corner. (You can catch a bus at that corner.)
11.A : When / What time you have to leave ?
B : Ten O’clock. (I have to leave at ten o’clock.)
12.A : Where was you live in 1988 ?
B : In Japan. (I was living in Japan in 1988.)
Nama Kelompok :
1. Ellyana Utami 19210379
2. Elza Jelita 12210357
3. Citra Restu Anggari 11210618
Kelas :
1EA05
Rabu, 13 April 2011
MANAGEMENT ROLE
In addition to broad categories of management functions, managers at various managerial levels of hierarchy to fill different roles. This role is categorized by the researcher Henry Mintzberg, and they can be grouped into three main types: decisional, interpersonal, and information.
ROLE decisional
decisional roles require managers to plan strategy and utilize resources. There are four specific roles that decisional. Role of employers require managers to assign resources to develop innovative goods and services, or to develop business. Most of this role will be hosted by top-level managers, although middle managers can be given some ability to make a decision. Disturbance handler corrects problems encountered an unexpected environmental organizations from internal or external. Managers at all levels to take on this role. For example, the first-line managers to fix problems stopping the assembly line or middle managers may try to cope with the aftermath of a store robbery. Top managers are more likely to face a major crisis, such as requiring the withdrawal of defective products. Third decisional role, namely allocator of resources, determine which involves working unit that will get resources. Top managers tend to make large, the overall budget decisions, while middle mangers can make a more specific allocation. In some organizations, managers supervisors are responsible for determining allocations to increase employee salaries. Finally, negotiators work with others, such as suppliers, distributors, or trade union, to reach agreement on products and services. First-level managers to negotiate with employees on issues of salary increases or overtime hours, or they may work with other supervisory manager when needed resources should be shared. Middle managers also negotiate with other managers and tend to work to secure the desired price from suppliers and distributors.Top managers negotiate on issues more, such as employment contract, or even mergers and acquisitions of other companies.
INTERPERSONAL ROLES
interpersonal role requires a manager to direct and supervise employees and organizations. These dolls are usually an upper middle managers. These managers can communicate with future organizational goals or ethical guidelines for employees with company meetings. A leader acts as an example for other employees to follow, giving orders and direction to subordinates, make decisions, and mobilize support for employees. Managers must be leaders at all levels of the organization; low-level managers often look to top management for an example of leadership. In a liaison role, the manger must coordinate the work of others in different work units, build alliances, among others, and work to share resources. This role is very important for middle managers, who often must compete with other managers to important resources, but must maintain a successful working relationship with them for long periods of time.
ROLE OF INFORMATION
Informational roles are those in which the managers get and send information. This role has changed dramatically as technology has improved. The monitor evaluates the performance of others and take corrective action to improve that performance. Monitor also oversees environmental changes and in the company which can affect the performance of individuals and organizations. Monitoring occurs at all levels of management, although managers at a higher level of organization is more likely to monitor the external threats to the environment than the middle or first line manager.Disseminator role requires that the manager told employees that the changes affecting them and the organization. They also communicate the vision and objectives.
Managers at every level of disseminating information to people below them, and much of this information natural dripping from top to bottom. Finally, a spokesman for communicating with the external environment, from corporate advertising goods and services, to inform the public about the direction of the organization. Spokesmen for major announcements, such as changes in strategic direction, it is likely to become a top manager. But other, more routine information can be provided by managers at all levels of the company. For example, a middle manager can provide press releases to local newspapers, supervisors or managers to give presentations at community meetings.
The Role of Human Resource Management
Human resource management (HRM) is a function associated with mewujudnya specific results through people. This means that human resources are important and dominant role in management.
HRM personnel organize and establish a program that covers the following issues:
Set the quantity, quality and effective workforce penempatkan accordance with the needs of companies based on job description, job specification, job requirements, and job evaluations.
Define withdrawal, selection, and placement of employees based on the principle of the right man in the right place and the right man in the right job.
Enact welfare programs, development, promotion and dismissal
Forecast the demand and supply of human resources in the future
Estimating the state of the economy in general and enterprise development in particular.
Carefully monitor the labor laws and policies providing fringe benefits similar companies
Monitoring the progress of engineering and development of labor unions
Implement education, training and employee performance appraisals
Manage employee mutation both vertical and horizontal
Set retirement, dismissal and severance
The role of HRM is recognized very decisive for the realization of goals, but to lead the human element is very difficult and complicated.
Human labor than capable, competent, and skilled, and not least their willingness and sincerity to work effectively and efficiently. Employee capabilities and skills is less meaningful if not followed morale and discipline employees in realizing the goal.
Nama Kelompok :
1. Citra restu anggari (11210618)
2. Ellyana utami (19210379)
3. Elza jelita (12210357)
Kelas : 1EA05
Tugas B.Inggris
ROLE decisional
decisional roles require managers to plan strategy and utilize resources. There are four specific roles that decisional. Role of employers require managers to assign resources to develop innovative goods and services, or to develop business. Most of this role will be hosted by top-level managers, although middle managers can be given some ability to make a decision. Disturbance handler corrects problems encountered an unexpected environmental organizations from internal or external. Managers at all levels to take on this role. For example, the first-line managers to fix problems stopping the assembly line or middle managers may try to cope with the aftermath of a store robbery. Top managers are more likely to face a major crisis, such as requiring the withdrawal of defective products. Third decisional role, namely allocator of resources, determine which involves working unit that will get resources. Top managers tend to make large, the overall budget decisions, while middle mangers can make a more specific allocation. In some organizations, managers supervisors are responsible for determining allocations to increase employee salaries. Finally, negotiators work with others, such as suppliers, distributors, or trade union, to reach agreement on products and services. First-level managers to negotiate with employees on issues of salary increases or overtime hours, or they may work with other supervisory manager when needed resources should be shared. Middle managers also negotiate with other managers and tend to work to secure the desired price from suppliers and distributors.Top managers negotiate on issues more, such as employment contract, or even mergers and acquisitions of other companies.
INTERPERSONAL ROLES
interpersonal role requires a manager to direct and supervise employees and organizations. These dolls are usually an upper middle managers. These managers can communicate with future organizational goals or ethical guidelines for employees with company meetings. A leader acts as an example for other employees to follow, giving orders and direction to subordinates, make decisions, and mobilize support for employees. Managers must be leaders at all levels of the organization; low-level managers often look to top management for an example of leadership. In a liaison role, the manger must coordinate the work of others in different work units, build alliances, among others, and work to share resources. This role is very important for middle managers, who often must compete with other managers to important resources, but must maintain a successful working relationship with them for long periods of time.
ROLE OF INFORMATION
Informational roles are those in which the managers get and send information. This role has changed dramatically as technology has improved. The monitor evaluates the performance of others and take corrective action to improve that performance. Monitor also oversees environmental changes and in the company which can affect the performance of individuals and organizations. Monitoring occurs at all levels of management, although managers at a higher level of organization is more likely to monitor the external threats to the environment than the middle or first line manager.Disseminator role requires that the manager told employees that the changes affecting them and the organization. They also communicate the vision and objectives.
Managers at every level of disseminating information to people below them, and much of this information natural dripping from top to bottom. Finally, a spokesman for communicating with the external environment, from corporate advertising goods and services, to inform the public about the direction of the organization. Spokesmen for major announcements, such as changes in strategic direction, it is likely to become a top manager. But other, more routine information can be provided by managers at all levels of the company. For example, a middle manager can provide press releases to local newspapers, supervisors or managers to give presentations at community meetings.
The Role of Human Resource Management
Human resource management (HRM) is a function associated with mewujudnya specific results through people. This means that human resources are important and dominant role in management.
HRM personnel organize and establish a program that covers the following issues:
Set the quantity, quality and effective workforce penempatkan accordance with the needs of companies based on job description, job specification, job requirements, and job evaluations.
Define withdrawal, selection, and placement of employees based on the principle of the right man in the right place and the right man in the right job.
Enact welfare programs, development, promotion and dismissal
Forecast the demand and supply of human resources in the future
Estimating the state of the economy in general and enterprise development in particular.
Carefully monitor the labor laws and policies providing fringe benefits similar companies
Monitoring the progress of engineering and development of labor unions
Implement education, training and employee performance appraisals
Manage employee mutation both vertical and horizontal
Set retirement, dismissal and severance
The role of HRM is recognized very decisive for the realization of goals, but to lead the human element is very difficult and complicated.
Human labor than capable, competent, and skilled, and not least their willingness and sincerity to work effectively and efficiently. Employee capabilities and skills is less meaningful if not followed morale and discipline employees in realizing the goal.
Nama Kelompok :
1. Citra restu anggari (11210618)
2. Ellyana utami (19210379)
3. Elza jelita (12210357)
Kelas : 1EA05
Tugas B.Inggris
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